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10 Transfer PricingChapter OutlineA. Cost Management Challenges - Chapter 19 provides four cost management challenges.1. What is the primary purpose of establishing a transfer price policy?2. What are four methods for setting transfer prices?3. What is the significance of excess capacity in the transferring division, and what impact does that have on the transfer price?4. Why might income-tax laws affect the transfer-pricing policies of multinational companies?B. Learning Objectives - This chapter has five learning objectives.1. Chapter 19 explains the purpose and role of transfer pricing.2. The chapter explains how to use a general economic rule to set an optimal transfer price.3. It explains how to base a transfer price on market prices, costs, or negotiations.4. It discusses the implications of transfer pricing in a multinational company.5. It discusses the effects of transfer pricing on segment reporting.C. The chapter discusses the effects of transfer pricing on segment reporting.E nglish: Transfer Pricing with an Imperfect Extern...A transfer price represents the amount charged when one division sells goods or services to another division within an organization. Transfer pricing is a challenge for cost managers because it represents an economic event that must be recorded in the accounting system. Deciding what the transfer price should be is the challenge. Transfers of goods and services within an organization do not impact the organization's profits as a whole organization. However, the buying and selling divisions' profits are affected by transfer prices charged. A high transfer price increases profits for the selling division and increases costs for the buying division.If divisions are evaluated using ROI, residual income, or economic value added, then the transfer price can affect the performance of each division. This fact may motivate managers to pursue strategies for transfer pricing that are not congruent with organizational goals.

Momaday (Indian History) essays

Momaday (Indian History) essays It is as hard to classify N. Scott Momadays The Way To The Rainy Mountain as history, as it is hard to classify Momaday as a historian. According to Marius there are four main assertions to consider before making a decision. The first assertion is that historians study sources that tell them about the past, and they write because they see something in these sources that needs to be explained. Momaday does not necessarily study the sources written down by scholars that tell him of the past. He is merely remembering oral stories told to him as a child. He is letting the outside world into the Kiowa history for our benefit not for him to study it. Also, Momaday writes these stories to preserve them so they may not be lost forever, they do not need to be explained. The second assertion is that all historical writing begins as an effort to answer questions. We find a puzzle and try to solve it. Momaday in no way is trying to answer any questions. There is no puzzle he is looking to solve. The stories explain themselves and leave no questions unanswered. The stories are just that, stories. The purpose of these stories is to have a written account of his culture and history, because oral history can be lost forever. The next assertion is that our knowledge of history is always in flux; historians are always in dialogue not only with the primary sources of events (written accounts) they write about but also with other historians who have studied these events. To write history is to be engaged in an eternal argument. The Kiowa people have certain traditions. One of them is the telling of their history and where they came from. These stories get told a million times over and to many generations. To all Kiowa people there is argument as to their beginning. Momaday knows that these are the stories of his people and that historians will say that the stories are just to explain the u ...

The four works that communicate about the nature warfare Essay

The four works that communicate about the nature warfare - Essay Example They conducted all manners of techniques, strategies, and efforts of winning against their enemies who aimed to stop their raging mission of controlling much of European territories. This led to battle and violent mission by the military personnel, aimed at retaining their superiority power. However, their defeat by Allied Forces in May 1945 led to the end of war in Europe. Among the authors who use their literal works to describe the nature of war, include the Randall Jarrell in his poem Eight Air Force. The poem depicts the Eight Air Force of the US that was just established in 1944 to act as one of the components of US Strategic Command tasked to combat in air and engaging the operations to fight in the World War II. It helped to carry out strategic bombings of enemies in Nazi Germany, France, and other countries in the Northern Europe. At some point, Randall described the war as the death trap by saying â€Å"The other murderers troop in yawning† in the second stanza (Gardner, p. 400).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Randall Jarrell also wrote another literal work dubbed The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner published in 1945. It described the death of a gunner in the ball turret during the Second World War in an American aircraft. In the third line, the author described the death by saying â€Å"Six miles from earth, loosed from its dream of life† (Cornelius, p. 3). They were on a mission to fight in the European territories to fight their enemies such as Nazi Germany. Elie Wiesel’s Night is another work that described the nature of war. The author describes his experiences with his father where they were staying in concentration camps of Nazi German from 1944 to 1945. Wiesel’s narrative demonstrates the way they suffered where his father declined to a helpless situation. In this case, his father regrets that â€Å"If only I could get rid of this dead